manufacturing, (Spain has many MSEs that are highly competitive internationally). All three of these sectors would have benefited hugely fro the devaluation effected by converting from Euro back to Peseta. The reason this course was not adopted is that …

The rise in the euro against the dollar since the summer makes German or French exporters 8 percent less competitive than they had been against U.S.-based competitors. They are already groaning under tougher competition from Japan; … But because they …

Within the euro zone troubled economies cannot devalue to regain competitiveness or loosen monetary policy to suit their needs. Instead they must adjust by painfully reducing wages and prices relative to those of others. Such “internal devaluation” can …

The IMF was founded out of the ashes of World War II in an attempt to prevent the type of damaging economic policies—such as competitive currency devaluation–that can stoke violence between countries. Many economists have criticized the fund for its …

… outside the capital, very few British cities have wealth anywhere near that of London. Making them more competitive should be a central challenge for economic policy. …. Sounds crazy but how else to get the UK back into manufacturing, too much of …

LVMH boss Bernard Arnault in January warned that 2013 could be marked by “currency wars and competitive devaluation” amid a strong euro. The picture is different from last year, when currency fluctuations boosted overall growth. Sales increased 10% at …

Financial woes coming from all sides continue to take their toll on Argentina's olive oil industry. With inflation outpacing the devaluation of the peso, producers are struggling to compete with Spain, Italy and other major exporters, resulting in what …

The estimated drivers of the decrease in the third quarter 2013 EPS versus the 2012 adjusted EPS were $0.27 from margin, $0.08 due to lower volumes and $0.05 of foreign currency devaluation partially offset by $0.01 of other income. …. issues …

Deprived of the systematic help given by a weak currency, Italy's gold exports aren't alone in plunging as the single currency union took hold. Competitive devaluation was a classic economic strategy for Italian governments. It has been closed since 2000.